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How to make very simple Water Sensor Circuit?

Hi folks, today I am going to discuss about water sensor circuit

Water Level Sensor Circuit: when water reaches to the sensor set level then LED gets switched ON.

Buzzer, also, can be used to give alarm, along with LED indication.


Material:
1.     General Purpose PCB 2x2 inch.
2.     Resistor: 10K                     ---------- 2 Nos.
3.     Resistor: 15K                     ----------1 No.
4.     Resistor: 1K                       ----------1 No.
5.     Transistor: 2222A              ---------- 2 Nos.
6.     Capacitor: 22uF/25V         ---------- 1 No.
7.     Red LED: 5mm                  ----------1 No.
8.     Black & Red wire               ---------- 1 meter.
9.     9V battery with connector ---------- 1 No.

Tool:

Cutter, solder wire, soldering iron etc.



How does it work?
With the help of sensor, conduction in water is tested and signal is applied to the base and it is amplified by the transistor.

When there is no water on sensor terminals, no voltage signal is on the base of Q1, base of Q1 remains low; it doesn’t conduct.
Base of Q2 is low, so Q2 doesn’t conduct and LED remains OFF.
It means water level is lower than the set level.

When water level reaches to the sensor terminals, there is some low voltage at base of Q1 and it conducts.
Current flows through Q1 Collector – Emitter, and voltage appears across R3, this voltage is applied to the base of Q2, and it also conducts.
When Q3 conduct, current flows through LED and it glows,
If you put a buzzer in place of LED OR parallel with LED then buzzer also gets switched ON.


Steps
1-      Mount all the components on the PCB according to the circuit diagram.
2-      Connect the battery with correct polarity. 
3-     Connect the both terminals of sensor together to test initially.
4-     Put the sensor wire into the water, LED should glow. 

Is it glowing?

Yes?

Great!

So we have water level sensor now,
Sensor wire length can be increased according to our need.

The sensor is nothing but a plastic pipe with two screws over it for water sensing by current conduction.





NOTE: NEVER CONNECT THE BATTERY IN WRONG POLARITY SINCE IT IS HAVING AN ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR AND IT MAY BE DAMAGED AND MAY DAMAGE YOU TOO. 

Comments

  1. afroz8 April 2016 at 19:48

    nice projects can you make electricity detector please

    ReplyDelete
  2. afroz8 April 2016 at 19:48

    nice projects can you make electricity detector please

    ReplyDelete
  3. alentarseo1 October 2018 at 16:59

    Great post.Thanks for sharing this article with us.Keep posting!!!
    Water level sensor in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  4. RENEWABLE ENG9 October 2024 at 15:39

    Hi, can you make a simple sensor with two rod for an aquaponic system that measure ph etc ...

    ReplyDelete

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