How to Make Automatic Room Light Controller Without Microcontroller

You must have noticed in some offices or hotels, when nobody is in gallery or washroom, the light remains OFF but when somebody enters the place, light switches ON automatically.

In this post I am going to teach you how to make this circuit.

Before going ahead I would like to tell you that this is VERY EASY circuit.

For this circuit the material we need is…

PIR Motion sensor



General Purpose PCB - 5x5 cm.
Transistor 2222N – 1 No.
Relay 5V – 1 No.
1K/0.250W – 2 Nos.
10K/0.250W – 1 No.
IN4007 – 2 Nos.
LED 3mm – 1 No.
Connector – 4 Nos.
Few wires.

Relay Circuit




Concept: We can use any relay of 12V, 24V, 5V etc. but we have to consider power supply or battery we will use.

Since 5V power supply is easily available and 9V battery can also be used for 5V output (after using 7805 regulator if needed).
So I am using 5V relay.

PIR sensor has three terminals,
One for 5Vdc
Second for Gnd (0V).
Third for output.

PIR sensor works as, when it senses something presence then its output becomes high for the set time duration.

We will use this output to drive relay circuit.

Transistor 2222 is used, here, as a switch to drive the relay though you can use any other NPN transistor.









Circuit description:











Connect 5Vdc to PIR sensor Vcc pin, Ground (0V) to PIR sensor

 Gnd pin.

5V is connected to the one end of the relay and transistor collector is connected to the other end of the relay. So both the ends of the relay have been connected.

Collector of transistor is connected.

Emitter of transistor is connected to the 0V (GND).

Now base of transistor is pulled down with the help of 10K resistor, to avoid floating issue of its base pin.

One end of 1 Kohm resistor is connected to the base, and input signal (driving signal) will be applied to other end of 1Kohm resistor.

Output of PIR sensor connected to the base of transistor will conduct the transistor and coil of relay will be actuated and contacts of relay will swap their postion.

COM (common) will connect to N/O.

I’ve connected one diode D2 across the relay coil. It is working here as a free wheel diode. It can save the relay from being damaged.

About free-wheel diode I will discuss in another post.

I would like to mention here, whenever you connect any diode in circuit BE ALERT!; you must be very well aware about their polarity.

NEVER connect diode in wrong polarity.

I have connected One LED to show the status of relay, when relay is actuated, LED will glow, otherwise OFF.

1Kohm resistor is used in series with the LED.

I have added one IN4007 (I had only this, that’s why), to positive line, to save this circuit from reverse power supply applied to the circuit.

Now if you connect reverse voltage then circuit will not damage.

Happy?

I tested this circuit with a 230vac bulb, you can also try this.
Connect the load in such a manner as shown in the picture.





 

Comments

  1. Asim5 October 2017 at 02:01

    Thank you for very useful information.
    Chandeliers

    ReplyDelete
  2. Naveed Mughal22 October 2017 at 21:04

    I read that Post and got it fine and informative.
    Flush Mount Lights

    ReplyDelete
  3. Naveed Mughal12 February 2018 at 21:32

    This is the type of information I’ve long been trying to find. Thank you for writing this information.
    Lustre

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

How to drive high voltage/current load by small voltage signal from a microcontroller?

Image
Sometimes we need to control or drive a high voltage and heavy current load by a small voltage signal. For example, if you want to control water motor with your microcontroller output. We know that microcontroller gives only 5v output which is not sufficient to drive a heavy motor. This circuit, about which this post is, is very-very useful for electronics engineer and hobbyist. So pay attention! For this circuit the material we need is… General Purpose PCB - 5x5 cm. Transistor KN 2222A (TO-92) - 1 No. Relay 5V – 1 No. 1K/0.250W – 2 Nos. 10K/0.250W – 1 No. IN4007 – 2 Nos. LED 3mm – 1 No. Connector – 4 Nos. Few wires. Tools. Concept: Weak signal triggers the transistor and transistor acts as a switch for the relay. You can use any relay of 12V, 24V, 5V etc. but we have to consider power supply or battery we will use. Since 5V power supply is easily available and 9V battery can also be used for 5V output (after using 7805 regulator if needed).
Read more

How to Read Analog Input & Use PWM pin as Analog Output

Image
  Analog Input: An analog signal can take on any number of values. To measure the value of analog signals, Arduino has a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC turns the analog voltage into a digital value. There is an inbuilt function to read Analog value; analogRead(pin_number). This function converts the value of the voltage on the analog input pin and returns a digital value ranges from 0 to 1023, relative to the reference value. The default reference voltage is 5 V (for 5 V Arduino boards) or 3.3 V (for 3.3 V Arduino boards). This function has only one parameter, which is the pin number.     Analog Output: The Arduino does not have any built-in digital-to-analog converter (DAC), but it can do pulse-width modulation (PWM); a digital signal to achieve some of the functions of an analog output. The function analogWrite(pin, value) is used to output a PWM signal. In the function ‘pin’ is the pin number used for the PWM output. ‘value’ is a number proportiona
Read more